"The CRISPR/Cas method is a molecular biological method for cutting and modifying DNA in a targeted manner (genome editing). Genes can be inserted, removed or switched off using the CRISPR/Cas system, and nucleotides in a gene can also be changed. The CRISPR/Cas method is increasingly being used in research due to its ease of implementation, scalability with regard to different target sequences and low costs. At the same time, the current state of research still has problems with specificity due to off-target effects, i.e. effects on the genome outside the interface.
The scientific basis for the development of the CRISPR/Cas method was laid by the discovery and research of CRISPR sequences and the associated CRISPR/Cas system in the immune system of various bacteria and archaea. The first scientific documentation on the development and use of the method was published in 2012 by a working group led by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. The scientific journal Science declared the CRISPR method Breakthrough of the Year 2015. The two scientists were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on the CRISPR/Cas method."
